Journal Article

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial activity of Chromolaena odorata leaves Extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

This study investigated the phytochemical properties and the in-vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata, also known as Siam weed. The extract challenged the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts against the selected pathogens were also determined. The phytochemicals present in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were, terpenoids, tannins, saponin, phlobatannin, cardiac glycoside, alkaloid and phenol. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were sensitive to different concentrations of the extracts. The highest zones of inhibition exhibited by S. aureus to both aqueous and ethanolic extracts were 16mm and 20mm respectively at a concentration of 200mg/ml. E. coli exhibited zones of inhibition measuring 22mm and 24mm to both aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at a concentration of 200mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the ethanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was at 25mg/ml and 56.25mg/ml respectively. The MIC of the aqueous extract recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanolic extract on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively, while that of the aqueous extract was 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively. The results indicated that Chromolaena odorata has great antibacterial potential. The ethanolic extract was more effective compared to the aqueous extract and Escherichia coli was more susceptible to both extracts than Staphylococcus aureus

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